The average length of the left earlobe was 1.97 cm (SD, 0.42 cm), and that of the right earlobe, 2.01 cm (SD, 0.42 cm) (p 60 years) in both men and women. There were 383 women (70 percent) and 164 men (30 percent) aged 20 to 80 years. Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance, t test, and multiple regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis.
#DEFINE AURICULA SKIN#
The following variables were studied: sex age ethnic origin skin complexion height, weight, and body mass index and piercing. Patients with malignancies, previous surgery or trauma to the earlobe, or congenital earlobe anomalies were excluded. A randomized, prospective design was used. The study sample consisted of 547 adult subjects older than 20 years of age. The purpose of this study was to define the factors that influence earlobe length and to establish a standard for adult earlobe length by sex and age. Furthermore, the variation of asymmetry of protrusion in the normal population indicates that an often used success criteria in otoplasty of an asymmetry less than 3 mm may be too strict. None of our prominent ears exceeded only the demarcation in the lower protrusion, suggesting that upper protrusion plays a larger role in the perception of prominence than lower protrusion and should therefore be the main objective of corrective otoplasty. This indicates that different criteria should be used to judge protrusion in boys and girls. Protrusion differs significantly between sexes. Up to 19.3% of the normal ears showed an asymmetry of more than 3 mm concerning protrusion. In addition, we found that prominent ears have larger auricular lengths and consequently larger surface measurements compared with normal ears (P = 0.001). Using these demarcations, 87.5% of our operated prominent ears would qualify as a prominent ear. In view of these data, an ear could be defined as prominent when the upper protrusion exceeds 21.5 mm or the lower protrusion exceeds 20.0 mm in boys and the upper protrusion exceeds 17.5 mm or the lower protrusion exceeds 15.5 mm in girls. Our results show that protrusion differs statistically between sexes. We compared the anatomy to retrospectively assess photographs of 44 patients who were listed for prominent ear correction. We performed a prospective cohort study to assess the anatomy of the normal auricle in children using computer-assisted anthropometry in photographs of 102 children aged 5 to 18 years. Our aim was to provide a clear delineation for the definition of prominent ears, deduced from the anthropometry of normal (nonprotruding) ears. Within the examined male group, 20.83% had prominent ears, the percentage was higher in comparison with the females, where the percentage was 1.66 % lower than in males.Īlthough protruding ears are one of the most frequently occurring congenital deformities in the craniofacial area, there is no clear consensus in literature as to the definition. High percentage of individuals with ears positioned in a greater distance from the surface of the head was also established. When an additional tuberculum Darwini was present, it was mostly asymmetrically positioned in both sexes. The most common form of both ears in the examined group is form 6 (60.00%) followed by form 3 with 20.83%. The shape of auricula and the absence/presence of tuberculum auriculae Darwini were defined by the scale of Schwalbe-Martin and Saller (1959). The examined sample comprised 240 individuals of both sexes - 120 school boys and 120 school girls (11 to 18 years of age). The present study was conducted in the town of Kyustendil (Southwest Bulgaria). Inter - and intrapopulation variability in the shape of auricula is not thoroughly investigated neither in Bulgaria, nor worldwide.
The diversity of these individual characteristics can be used in forensic identification of individuals. The shape of human auricula is characterized by specific features.
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